0. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKHOP
1.1 Meeting Description
The Workshop, entitled "Continental Drilling for Paleoclimate Records", was sponsored by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Project, a core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and by the GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany, in conjunction with the International Continental Drilling Programme (ICDP). The impetus for the meeting was the need for long continental paleoclimate records that will fill gaps left by the marine and ice-core records and provide information on time and spatial scales that are relevant to human activities. Further impetus came from a perceived need to balance the forecasts and reconstructions of climate models with information on actual behavior of the climate system on the continents. The meeting was organized by Steven M. Colman, Suzanne A.G. Leroy, and Jörg F.W. Negendank and was held at the GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany, June 30-July 2, 1995. Because the Workshop was primarily a working meeting, a relatively small number of participants were invited (Appendix 3). Leaders of the PAGES Pole-Equator-Pole (PEP) transects and existing large-lake drilling programs, along with a mixture of technical experts, were the primary group of attendees.
1.2 Agenda
Friday, June 30
Opening Presentations
J. Negendank: Welcome, introductions, and workshop logistics.
I. MacGregor: Opening Address: The International Continental Drilling Program and Continental Paleoclimate records.
S. Colman: Objectives and Products of the Workshop
Presentations by Program/Agency Representatives
M. Fratta: The European Science Foundation and continental paleoclimate records.
H. Zimmerman: PAGES perspectives and research needs in continental paleoclimate records.
Case Histories of past and present drilling/coring projects
T. Johnson: International Decade of East African Lakes (IDEAL)
J. Negendank: Development of the European Lake Drilling Program (ELDP)
H. Hooghiemstra: Bogota Basin Drilling Project
T. Liu: Drilling for paleoclimate records in China
T. Ager: Yukon Basin Drilling Project
D. Williams: Baikal Drilling Project (BDP)
M. Saarnisto: Cooperative Finnish-Russian Lake Coring
Saturday, July 1
Working group meetings, Session 1
Working group meetings, Session 2
Sunday, July 2
Working group meetings, Session 3
Open Discussion
Reports of working groups and discussion
Strategies for implementation of recommendations
The Workshop Report
1.3 Working Groups
Three sessions of each of the three working groups allowed workshop participants to rotate among each of the three groups. Only the discussion leader and the recorder stayed attached to one working group, for coordination and reporting. The following outline reflects the charges given to each working group.
WORKING GROUP 1. Scientific objectives and planning
Discussion leader: T. Johnson
Recorder: T. Ager
1. What are the primary objectives, questions, goals related to continental drilling for paleoclimate?
For example:
· Records to complement those from ocean and ice cores in order to provide truly global reconstructions
· Regional variation of past climates
· Impacts of climate change rather than just change itself
2. What kind of sites should have highest priority?
Emphasis to be placed on discussion of criteria, such as:
· Major areas where paleoclimate data is lacking
· Areas of special sensitivity or critical for answering specific questions
· Continuity, length, and resolution of record
· Present-day deposition (for calibration)
· Dating potential
· Multiple and (or) quantitative proxy potential
3. What structure and procedure are needed for effective planning and organization?
For example:
· Chief Scientist, steering committee, sampling committee, data manager
· Pre-proposal organization meeting(s)
· Recruitment of participants for different dating and proxy analyses
· Written agreements among participants
· Prior information needed about a site; planning for "site survey" or reconnaissance stages
· Selection of drilling equipment; logistics planning
WORKING GROUP 2. Drilling and post-drilling operations and technology
Discussion leader: J. Negendank
Recorder: J. Magee
1. Drilling technology
· What kinds of drilling equipment are appropriate for different scales and types of records and analyses?
· What procedures are necessary to insure recovery of the highest possible quality of cores (duplicate cores/holes, use of liners, re-entry procedures, drilling log records)?
· What down-hole, post-drilling measurements are most useful?
· Recommendations for transportation and short-term storage
· Technology for special circumstances, including portable equipment for remote areas, and technological developments needed to drill large, deep, unfrozen lakes
2. Pre-sampling protocols: What kinds of facilities and coordination are needed? What are the criteria for deciding where cores will be stored?
· Whole-core, non-destructive measurements (e.g. magnetic properties, GRAPE, P-wave velocity)
· Post-splitting, pre-sampling activities (description, photography, X-ray)
3. Recommendations for storage and archiving of cores
WORKING GROUP 3. Sampling, analytical, and data protocols
Discussion leader: F. Gasse
Recorder: M. Duvall
1. Analytical protocols; protocols for individual analyses adapted from PALE and IMAGES documents
· Emphasis on multiple proxy and dating methods
· Who performs and who coordinates sampling?
· How sampling conflicts are to be resolved
· Access to samples by non-project researchers; time table for tiers of exclusive use; core preservation as a long-term resource
2. Data Dissemination and Management
· Data exchange among participants
· Data management during analytical phase
· Data distribution outside the project
· "Permanent" data archiving and public access
3. Publication protocols; responsibilities and guidelines to avoid problems such as precedence and "skimming"
· "Initial results" reports
· Use of data by other investigators
· Publication of analytical or topical papers
· Publication of summary papers
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