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el niño southern oscillation El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a coupled instability of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific. ENSO is an important phenomenon of interannual climate variability, with direct regional impact on climate, environment and socioeconomy in the tropical Pacific region including Indonesia, but also with consequences worldwide. In Indonesia, El Niño is usually accompanied by severe drought due to weakened summer monsoon rainfall over the region (Webster and Palmer, 1997; Aldrian and Susanto, 2003). References: Aldrian, E. and R. D Susanto (2003), Identification of three dominant rainfall regions within Indonesia and their relationship to sea surface temperature, International Journal of Climatology, 23,1435-1452. Webster, P.J. and T.N. Palmer (1997), The past and the future of El Niño, Nature, 390, 562- 564. |
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